Cellular Innate Immunity against PRRSV (and IAV)

Vet Sci. 2019 Mar 11;6(1). pii: E26. doi: 10.3390/vetsci6010026.

Cellular Innate Immunity against PRRSV and Swine Influenza Viruses.

Crisci E1,2, Fraile L3, Montoya M4.

Author information

1

Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. ecrisci@ncsu.edu.

2

Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. ecrisci@ncsu.edu.

3

Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. lorenzo.fraile@ca.udl.cat.

4

Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain. maria.montoya@cib.csic.es.

Abstract

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a polymicrobial syndrome that results from a combination of infectious agents, such as environmental stressors, population size, management strategies, age, and genetics. PRDC results in reduced performance as well as increased mortality rates and production costs in the pig industry worldwide. This review focuses on the interactions of two enveloped RNA viruses-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SwIV)-as major etiological agents that contribute to PRDC within the porcine cellular innate immunity during infection. The innate immune system of the porcine lung includes alveolar and parenchymal/interstitial macrophages, neutrophils (PMN), conventional dendritic cells (DC) and plasmacytoid DC, natural killer cells, and γδ T cells, thus the in vitro and in vivo interactions between those cells and PRRSV and SwIV are reviewed. Likewise, the few studies regarding PRRSV-SwIV co-infection are illustrated together with the different modulation mechanisms that are induced by the two viruses. Alterations in responses by natural killer (NK), PMN, or γδ T cells have not received much attention within the scientific community as their counterpart antigen-presenting cells and there are numerous gaps in the knowledge regarding the role of those cells in both infections. This review will help in paving the way for future directions in PRRSV and SwIV research and enhancing the understanding of the innate mechanisms that are involved during infection with these viruses.

KEYWORDS: 

PRRSV; innate immunity; pig; swine influenza virus

PMID:

 

30862035

 

DOI:

 

10.3390/vetsci6010026